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CoMficticit  Apiciltaral  Eiserimsiit  Slatioi, 


E'EW    HA  YEN,     COj^X. 


BXJLLETIIN^    :N^o.    113.* 

SEPTEMBER,    1892. 


COnSTTE^STTS. 

PAGE. 

Xotice  as  to  Bulletins 2 

Notice  as  to  Animal  Reports  ..".....-  2 

Trade  Values  of  Fertilizer  Ingredients 3 

Valuation  of  Mixed  Fertilizers 4 

Cotton  Seed  Meal 4 

Cotton  Hull  Ashes 6 

*  Bulletin  112,  June  1892,  "  On  the  Gunning-Kjeldahl  Method  and  a  Modification 
applicable  in  the  presence  of  Nitrates  by  A.  L.  Winton,  Jr."  was  sent  only  to  Station 
Workers  and  Chemical  Journals. 


Notice  as  to  Bulletins. 

The  Bulletins  of  this  Station,  issued  quarterly  or  oftener,  are 
mailed  free  to  citizens  of  Connecticut  who  apply  for  them,  and  to 
others,  as  far  as  the  limited  editions  permit. 

Applications  should  be  renewed  annually  before  January  1st. 

Citizens  of  other  Slates  desiring  to  secure  the  Bulletins  regu- 
larly are  referred  J-p  notice  below. 

The  matter  of  all  the  Bulletins  of  this  Station  in  so  far  as  it 
is  new  and  of  permanent  value  will  be  made  part  of  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Director. 

Bulletins  earlier  than  No.  71  and  Nos.  S3,  93,  100,  101  and  102 
are  exhausted  and  cannot  be  supplied. 


Notice  as  to  Supply  op  Station  Reports. 

The  Annual  Report  of  this  Station  for  1891,  jirinted  at  State 
expense,  is  limited  to  an  edition  of  7,000  copies,  of  which  5,000 
copies  are  bound  and  distributed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Agriculture,  T.  S.  Gold,  West  Cornwall,  Conn. 

After  satisfying  necessary  exchanges,  the  copies  remaining  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Station  have  been  sent  to  citizens  of  Connecti- 
cut, who  made  application  for  them,  until  our  supply  is  exhausted. 

The  Station  has  no  supply  of  its  Annual  Reports  for  the  years 
1877,  1878,1879,  1880,  1881,  1883,  and  1887,  and  will  pay  a  liberal 
price  for  a  number  of  clean  copies  of  Reports  for  any  of  these 
years. 

Extra  copies  of  the  next  Annual  Report  can  be  secured  if  called 
for  before  the  printing-forms  are  broken  up.  Such  copies  will  be 
struck  off  and  supplied  early  next  year  to  citizens  of  other  States 
who  apply  to  this  Station  before  February  1st,  and  who  remit  25 
cents  per  copy  to  defray  costs.  This  remittance  will  also  secure 
to  the  sender  the  Bulletins  issued  by  this  Station  during  the  year. 

Coin  may  be  forwarded  by  Post  at  sender's  risk  with  small 
chance  of  loss,  as  follows :  Cut  an  inch  hole  in  a  card  or  scrap  of 
paper-box  that  will  just  fit  inside  an  envelope,  fasten  a  twenty- 
five  cent  piece  in  the  cavity  by  pasting  paper  over  it  on  both 
sides  of  the  card,  write  thereon  name  and  Post  office  address, 
inclose  within  an  envelope,  and  send  as  a  letter  prepaid  in  full, 
P.  O.  stamps  cannot  be  accepted. 


The  Trade- Values  for  1892  of  Fertilizixg  Ingredients  in 
Raw  Materials  and  Chemicals. 

The  average  Ti-ade-Values  or  retail  cost  per  poxind  of  the 
ordinarily  occurring  forms  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash 
are  as  follows  : 

CIS. 
per  lb. 

Nitrogen  iu  ammonia  salts 174- 

nitrates - . 15 

Organic  nitrogen  in  dry  and  fine  ground  fish,  meat  and  blood 16 

in  cotton  seed  meal  and  castor-pomace 15 

in  fine  bone  and  tankage 15 

in  fine  medium  bone  and  tankage 12 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 9^ 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 7^ 

in  hair,  horn  shavings  and  coarse  fish  scrap 7 

Phosphoric  acid,  soluble  in  water 1\ 

in  ammonium  citrate* 7 

in  dry  ground  fish,  fine  bone  and  tankage 7 

in  fine-medium  bone  and  tankage 5^ 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 4-J- 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 3 

Potash  as  high-grade  Sulphate  and  in  forms  free  from  Muriate  (or  Chlorides)     54- 
as  muriate •- 4-^ 

These  Trade-Values  are  the  average  prices  at  which  in  the  six 
months  preceding  March  the  respective  ingredients  could  be 
bought  at  retail  for  cash  in  our  large  markets,  Boston,  New 
York  and  Philadelphia,  in  the  raw  materials  which  are  the 
regular  source  of  supply.  They  also  correspond  to  the  average 
wholesale  prices  for  the  six  months  ending  March  1st,  plus  about 
20  per  cent,  in  case  of  goods  for  which  we  have  wholesale  quota- 
tions. They  have  been  agreed  upon  by  the  Experiment  Stations 
of  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut 
for  use  in  their  respective  States  during  1892.  The  valuations 
obtained  by  use  of  the  above  figures  will  be  found  to  agree  fairly 
with  the  average  retail  price  at  the  large  markets  of  standard  raw 
materials  such  as : 

*  Dissolved  from  2  grams  of  the  unground  phosphate  previously  extracted  with 
pure  water,  by  100  c.  c.  neutral  solution  of  Ammonium  Citrate,  sp.  gr.  1.09,  in  30 
minutes,  at  65°  C,  with  agitation  once  in  five  minutes.  Commonly  called  "  re- 
verted" or  "backgone"  Phosphoric  Acid. 


Sulphate  ni'  Ammonia,  Azotin, 

Nitrate  of  Soda,  Ammonite, 

Dried  Blood,  Dry  Ground  Fisli, 

Muriate  of  Potash,  Bone  or  Tankage, 

Sulphate  o£  Potash,  Ground  So.  Carolina  Rock, 

Plain  Superphosphate. 

Valuation  of  Superphosphates,  Special  Manures  and  Mixed 
Fertilizers  op  High  Grade. 

The  Valuation  of  a  Fertilizer  consists  in  calculating  the  retail 
Trade-vahie  or  cash-cost  at  trade  centers  (in  raw  materials  of 
good  quality)  of  an  amount  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  equal  to  that  contained  in  one  ton  of  the  fertilizer. 

To  obtain  the  valuation  of  a  Fertilizer  we  multiply  the  pounds 
per  ton  of  Nitrogen,  etc,  by  the  trade-value  per  pound.  We 
thus  get  the  values  per  ton  of  the  several  ingredients,  and  adding 
tliem  together  we  obtain  the  total  valuation  per  ton. 

Organic  nitrogen  in  Mixed  Fertilizers  is  reckoned  at  16  cents, 
the  price  of  nitrogen  in  raw  materials  of  the  best  quality. 

Insoluble  Phosphoric  Acid  is  reckoned  at  2  cents.  Potash  is 
rated  at  \\  cents,  if  sufficient  chlorine  is  present  in  the  fertilizer 
to  combine  with  it  to  make  muriate.  If  there  is  more  Potash 
present  than  will  combine  with  the  chlorine,  then  this  excess  of 
potash  is  reckoned  at  5^  cents. 

In  most  cases  the  valuation  of  the  Ingredients,  in  Superphos- 
phates and  Specials  falls  below  the  retail  cash  price  charged  for 
these  goods  at  the  factory.  The  difference  between  the  two 
figures  represents  the  manufacturer's  charges  for  converting  raw 
materials  into  manufactm-ed  articles  and  selling  them.  These 
charges  are  for  grinding  and  mixing,  bagging  or  barreling,  stor- 
age, commission  to  agents  and  dealers,  interest  on  investment, 
and  finally,  profits.  If  the  purchaser  buys  on  credit,  the  price  of 
the  fertilizer  is  commonly  made  to  cover  interest. 

Cotton  Seed  Meal, 

This  article  is  comparatively  uniform  in  quality.  The  average 
composition  of  the  nine  samples  analyzed  this  year  is  nitrogen 
7,06  per  cent,,  phosphoric  acid  2.67  per  cent.,  potash  1.73  per 
cent.  The  average  cost  of  nitrogen  in  cotton  seed  meal  has  been 
14.9  cents  per  pound  and  the  extremes  were  14,0  and  16,3  cents 
per  pound. 


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Cotton  Hull  Ashks. 

In  the  following  table  are  given  all  the  analyses  of  Cotton 
Hull  Ashes  which  have  been  made  at  this  Station  during  the 
present  season.  Samples  No.  3473  and  3636  represent  car  lots 
which  were  admitted  to  be  of  inferior  quality,  and  were  sold 
after  analysis,  at  a  low  price. 

The  average  cost  of  the  ashes  excluding  the  last  four  samples 
in  the  table  was  136.31  per  ton,  and  the  average  valuation  |40,57. 
Or  differently  expressed,  water-soluble  potash  cost  4.8  cents  on 
the  average.  In  individual  cases  water-soluble  potash  cost  3.2 
cents  per  pound  at  the  lowest  and  6.3  cents  at  the  highest. 

It  has  been  impossible  to  supply  the  demand  for  Cotton  Hull 
Ashes  in  Connecticut  this  year  and  it  is  stated  that,  as  the  hulls  are 
now  being  used  for  the  manufacture  of  paper,  the  supply  of  ashes 
is  likely  to  be  very  limited  if  not  absolutely  cut  off  another  year. 

These  ashes  were  first  brought  to  our  notice  in  1884  by  Mr.  R. 
E.  Pinney  of  Suffield.  On  learning  their  chemical  composition 
and  value  as  a  source  of  potash,  he  bought  that  year  considerable 
quantities,  which  were  tried  on  tobacco  land  by  him  and  others 
in  his  neighborhood  with  the  best  results.  Since  then  they  have 
come  into  great  demand  as  a  tobacco  fertilizer  in  the  Connecticut 
Valley  and  have  furnished  the  growers  who  used  them,  with 
available  potash  generally  at  very  low  rates.  In  the  near  future 
probably  some  "  potash-salt  "  will  have  to  lake  the  place  of  these 
ashes. 


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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

LYRASIS  members  and  Sloan  Foundation 


http://www.archive.org/details/fertilizeranalys1892newh  J 


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